Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Accumulating evidence indicates that local resident stem/progenitor cells play an important role in vascular regeneration. Recently, it is demonstrated that a histone deacetylase 7‐derived 7‐amino acid peptide (7A, MHSPGAD) is critical in modulating the mobilization and orientated differentiation of these stem/progenitor cells. Here, its therapeutic efficacy in vascular repair and regeneration is evaluated. In vitro functional analyses reveal that the 7A peptide, in particular phosphorylated 7A (7Ap, MH[pSer]PGAD), could increase stem cell antigen‐1 positive (Sca1+) vascular progenitor cell (VPC) migration and differentiation toward an endothelial cell lineage. Furthermore, local delivery of 7A as well as 7Ap could enhance angiogenesis and ameliorate vascular injury in ischaemic tissues; these findings are confirmed in a femoral artery injury model and a hindlimb ischaemia model, respectively. Importantly, sustained delivery of 7A, especially 7Ap, from tissue‐engineered vascular grafts could attract Sca1+‐VPC cells into the grafts, contributing to endothelialization and intima/media formation in the vascular graft. These results suggest that this novel type of peptides has great translational potential in vascular regenerative medicine.